ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore whether acupuncture can improve sleep disturbance, cognitive impairment and emotional disorders caused by sleep deprivation, and its association with the attenuation of oxidative stress injury in prefrontal cortex. Methods: Fifty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (n=10), a model group (n=14), a manual acupuncture (MA) group (n=14), and a sham-MA group (n=14). All the groups were established as sleep deprivation models via the modified multiple platform method, except for the control group. Rats in both the MA group and the sham-MA group received corresponding intervention, respectively. After modeling and intervention, the four groups received three behavioral tests, namely sleep monitoring, by comprehensive lab animal monitoring system (CLAMS), Morris water maze (MWM) test and open-field test (OFT), followed by oxygen free radical level test and Western blot (WB) detection for the expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2. Results: The MA group derived more sleep time within 24 h than either the model group or the sham-MA group (both P<0.05). On MWM orientation navigation test day 1, there were no significant differences in escape latency among the control, MA and sham-MA groups (P>0.05), and the escape latency was significantly shorter in these three groups than that in the model group (all P<0.05). On test day 4, the escape latency was markedly shorter in the MA group than that in either the model group or the sham-MA group (both P<0.05); meanwhile, the MA group showed significantly better performance compared with these two groups in space probe test (both P<0.05). In OFT, compared with the control group, there was a significant decline in the horizontal movement score in the other three groups (all P<0.05), and the decrease was more significant in the model group and the sham-MA group than that in the MA group (both P<0.05). The superoxide dismutase (SOD) content was markedly higher and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was markedly lower in the MA group than those in the model group and the sham-MA group (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group and the sham-MA group, the expression of Bax was significantly lower and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly higher in the MA group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: MA therapy can lengthen the sleep time in sleep-deprived rats and improve learning and memory impairments induced by sleep deprivation, and the underlying mechanism may be associated with the enhancement of antioxidant capacity in the prefrontal cortex and the inhibition of hippocampal neuronal apoptosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of different angles of atomizer on the delivery rates and total delivery quantities of Tanreqing inhalation solution， so as to provide reference for the clinical use of this preparation. Method:Taking baicalin， ursodeoxycholic acid， caffeic acid as indexes， PARI Boy SX compression atomization inhaler （equipped with red core atomizing cup） and BRS2000 respiratory simulator were used， the effects of different angles of the atomizer （upper 15 degree， lower 15 degree， upper 30 degree， lower 30 degree， partial 15 degree， partial 30 degree， vertical） on the delivery rates and total delivery quantities of Tanreqing inhalation solution were investigated. The respiratory patterns of adults， children， infants and young children were selected to determine the delivery rates and total delivery quantities of three components in Tanreqing inhalation solution. Result:In the same atomization time， the delivery rates and the total delivery quantities of caffeic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid in Tanreqing inhalation solution were not significantly affected by the atomizer from different angles， but significantly affected baicalin. At the vertical angle， the delivery rate and total delivery quantity of baicalin were higher than the other angles. Under different respiratory modes， there were significant differences in the delivery rates and total delivery quantities of these three components in the inhalation solution. Compared with other respiratory modes， the delivery rates and total delivery quantities of baicalin， ursodeoxycholic acid and caffeic acid were the highest in the adult respiratory mode， with delivery rates of （555.5±16.61）， （226.3±6.54）， （26.1±0.32） μg·min-1 and total delivery quantities of （4 001.1±82.97）， （1 754.9±63.73）， （167.6±1.42） μg， respectively. Conclusion:The use angle of atomizer has a certain effect on the delivery rate and total delivery quantity of Tanreqing inhalation solution， so it is suggested that the vertical angle should be kept as far as possible in clinical use. Under the four respiratory patterns， the delivery rate and total delivery quantity of Tanreqing inhalation solution are different， suggesting that the atomization dose or atomization time should be adjusted according to the respiratory characteristics of the patients to ensure the safety and effectiveness of clinical medication.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of Metapex for root canal therapy of deciduous teeth. Methods Based on the key words"Metapex paste" and"Root canal therapy of deciduous teeth" , the Chinese database, such as China national knowledge infrastructure, Wanfang database and Weipu database were retrieved. Based on the key words"Metapex" and"deciduous teeth" , the English databases such as PubMed and Medline were retrieved. Collecting random controlled trials about Metapex paste with root canal therapy of deciduous teeth from the beginning of their establishment to August 2017. Do Meta analysis using Rev Man 5.3 software for homogeneous studies, calculating risk ratio (RR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI) . Results Twelve studies were included. Meta analysis showed that Metapex was more effective in root canal therapy of deciduous teeth compared with zinc oxide eugenol iodoform paste after 1 year (RR=1.11, 95％ CI: 1.01-1.22); The clinical effectiveness of Metapex paste was better than calcium hydroxide after 6 months and 1 year (RR6 mouths=1.06, 95％ CI: 1.03-1.09; RR1 year=0.17, 95％ CI: 1.03-1.10); There was no obvious difference between Metapex and ZOE after 6 months (RR=1.13, 95％ CI:1.00-1.27) . Conclusion Metapex paste can improve the success rate on root canal therapy of deciduous teeth , is a more ideal root canal filling material of deciduous teeth .
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study therapeutic effect of metoprolol combined trimetazidine on ischemic heart failure (IHF) and its influence on inflammatory factors. Methods: A total of 172 IHF patients treated in our hospital were collected. They were randomly and equally divided into trimetazidine group and combined treatment group (received metoprolol combined trimetazidine), and both groups were treated for 30d. Cardiac function, levels of inflammatory factors, N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), heart type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) and quality of life (QOL) before and after treatment, and cerebral infarction rate after one-year treatment were compared between two groups. Results: Compared with trimetazidine group after treatment, there were significant rise in left ventricular ejection fraction [(44. 68±4. 51) ％ vs. (49. 79±4. 99) ％], significant reductions in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension [(50. 41± 5. 06) mm vs. (47. 28±4. 83) mm], left ventricular end-systolic dimension [(41. 57±4. 22) mm vs. (36. 72±3. 71) mm], levels of NT-proBNP [(3. 48±0. 35) ng/L vs. (3. 06±0. 32) ng/L], H-FABP [(11. 41±1. 26) μg/L vs. (8. 55±0. 86) μg/L], interleukin 6 [(53. 21±5. 36) ng/L vs. (43. 58±4. 44) ng/L], tumor necrosis factorα [(161. 97±16. 28) ng/L vs. (108. 27±10. 11) ng/L]and C reactive protein [(15. 72±1. 59) ng/L vs. (11. 10±1. 12) ng/L]and QOL score [(48. 75±4. 89) scores vs. (43. 15±4. 33) scores]in combined treatment group, P＜0. 05 or＜0. 01. Total effective rate of combined treatment group was significantly higher than that of trimetazidine group (90. 70％ vs. 72. 09％, P=0. 002); after one-year treatment, incidence rate of cerebral infarction in combined treatment group was significantly lower than that of trimetazidine group (2. 33％ vs. 10. 47％, P=0. 029). Conclusion: Metoprolol combined trimetazidine can significantly improve myocardial blood supply, correct immune imbalance, improve cardiac function and quality of life in IHF patients. The therapeutic effect is significant, and it can prevent cerebral infraction, which is worth extending.
ABSTRACT
To investigate the chemical constituents from Barringtonia racemosa, twelve compounds were isolated by chromatography methods and identified as 3β-p-E-coumaroymaslinic acid (1), cis-careaborin (2), careaborin (3), maslinic acid (4), 2α, 3β, 19α-trihydroxyolean-12-ene-24, 28-dioic acid (5), 3β-p-Z-coumaroylcorosolic acid (6), corosolic acid (7), 1α, 2α, 3β, 19α-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (8), 19α-hydroxyl ursolic acid (9), 3α, 19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-24, 28-dioic acid (10), tormentic acid (11), 3-hydroxy-7, 22-dien-ergosterol（12） by the NMR and MS data analysis. Among them, compounds 1-4,7-12 were obtained from the genus Barringtonia for the first time. All the compounds didn't show nocytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and A549 cell lines (IC₅₀>50 mg•L⁻¹).
ABSTRACT
To develop an ophthalmic preparation of Shedan, an in situ forming gel was prepared with the formulation containing 18% of poloxamer 407 and 5% of poloxamer 188 by response surface designs plus central composite designs. The rheology results showed that LVE range gamma should limited within 0.5%, Shedan high-frequency region, and the thixotropy recovery time is less than 5 seconds. The phase transition temperature was 33.25 °C according to curve of storage modulus and loss modulus determined by temperature scanning. Surface tension and osmometer of it determined by surface tension meter and dew point osmometer were 36.43 mN · m(-1), and 320.6 mOsm · kg(-1), respectively. Fluorescein sodium was selected as the marker to monitor the corneal residence time, and the results showed that Shedan gel could prolong drug residence for 180 min. In line with zero-order kinetics, releases of muscone and salvianolic acid B in vitro depends on gels erosion. The results of rabbit ocular irritation experiments suggested that Shedan in situ forming gel was biocompatible and nonirritant. In conclusion, a novel Shedan in situ forming gel was developed and characterized for potential drug treatment of retinal vein occlusion.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rabbits , Benzofurans , Chemistry , Cycloparaffins , Chemistry , Gels , Chemistry , Ophthalmic Solutions , Poloxamer , Chemistry , Retinal Vein Occlusion , Drug Therapy , ViscosityABSTRACT
Objective: To study the pharmacokinetic properties of Fufang Baijiezi Gel (FBG) after different acupoints administration. Methods: Sinapine thiocyanate, tetrahydro-palmatine, 6-gingerol, and asarinin, which were four substances of FBG, were determined by a sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS) both in plasma and dermal microdialysates of guinea pig simultaneously. Microdialysates were separated on an Ultimate® XB-Phenyl analytical column (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 5μm) and detected by electrospray ionization (ESI) in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, sensitivity, and recovery. Result A significant difference was observed in main pharmacokinetic parameters of Cmax, tmax, and AUC between acupoints administration and nonacupoints administration. Conclusion: Acupoints administration resulted in a more obvious increase in bioavailability of sinapine thiocyanate, tetrahydropalmatine, 6-gingerol, and asarinin than nonacupoints administration.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment on the activation of astrocytes and the expression of glia-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the brain after traumatic brain injury (TBI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>54 male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 18): sham-operated, TBI and HBO treatment groups. TBI was induced with Feeney's method, bone window was opened without strike on the brain tissue in the sham-operated group. HBO group rats received HBO treatment for 60 min in the hyperbaric chamber containing O2 100% at 3 ATA. When neurological functions were measured 48 h after TBI, rats were decapitated, the brain water content of 18 rats was measured, 18 brains were sliced for the morphological observation after Nissl staining and for the immunohistochemistry staining of astrocyte markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin and S100, and the other 18 brains of injured side were used for Western blot analysis of GDNF and NGF.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HBO treatment reduced the neurological deficit, brain water content and hippocampal neuronal loss. In the observed cortex and hippocampal area astrocytes were activated, the cell number of positive expression of astrocyte markers GFAP, vimentin and S100 was increased, and the expression of GDNF and NGF was elevated after TBI. However, these indices were all enhanced further after the HBO treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is suggested that HBO may be an effective therapy for TBI and upregulation of the expression of GDNF and NGF may underly the effect of HBO.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Astrocytes , Metabolism , Brain Injuries , Metabolism , Therapeutics , Disease Models, Animal , Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor , Metabolism , Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein , Metabolism , Hyperbaric Oxygenation , Methods , Nerve Growth Factors , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , S100 Proteins , Metabolism , Vimentin , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the neuroprotective effect, effective dose and time window of ginseng total saponins (GTS) treatment in rat after traumatic brain injury (TBI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The modified Feeney's method was used to establish TBI model in rat. GTS was treated intraperitoneally. The neurological function and histological morphology of brain tissue were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Different doses of GTS were used 6 h after TBI. The neurological and histological results showed that: compared with the TBI group, significant efficacy was observed 2 - 14 days after injury with GTS treatment at 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg (P < 0.05); The effects of GTS at 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg were better than those of GTS at 10 and 80 mg/kg. During the research on the time window of GTS intervention, GTS (20 mg/kg) showed significant effect when used at 3 h and 6 h after TBI; however 12 h, 24 h after TBI, application of GTS did not exert any significant effect.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GTS intervention after TBI could reduce brain damage and promote recovery of the neurological function. Among doses of GTS 5 - 80 mg/kg, 20 - 60 mg/kg is the best dose limit. The effective time window of GTS is 6 h after TBI.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Brain Injuries , Drug Therapy , Neuroprotective Agents , Panax , Chemistry , Phytotherapy , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Saponins , Therapeutic Uses , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BackgroundResearches found that the posterior capsular opacification (PCO) after lensextraction is associated with the elevation of the transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β).To seek the drug for inhibitingproliferation of lens epithelial cells (LECs) is crucial in the treatment and prevention of PCO.ObjectiveThisstudy was to investigate the preventing effects of decorin on the proliferation of LECs.MethodsRabbit LECs wascultured and passaged.The LECs in growth phase were incubated in 96 well plate at the density of 8×106/L.Decorinwith the concentrations 0.1,1.0,10.0 mg/L was added into the medium for 24,48 and 72 hours respectively.0.1％DMSO was used at the same way as positive control group,and the regular cultured cells worked as blank controlgroup.The inhibitory rates of different concentrations of decorin on the growth of LECs were detected by MTT at 24,48and 72 hours after addition of decorin.The percentage of LECs in different cell cycles in various groups was assayedusing flow cytometry.TGF-β level in medium suspension was detected using ELISA.The expression of TGF-β mRNA in LECs was checked by RT-PCR,and α-SMA expression in LECs was determined using immunochemistry.Results ELISA assay showed a statistical difference in the TGF-β levels of different groups (F=39.24,P=0.03 ).The TGF-β levels in 1.0,10.0 mg/L decorin groups were significantly decreased in comparison with blank control group (P＜0.01) and 0.1 mg/L decorin group (P＜0.05 ).The inhibitory rates of decorin in the concentrations of ≥ 1.0 mg/L on the growth of LECs were higher than the blank control group,and those in various concentrations of decorin groups were considerably lower in 24 hours compared with 48 and 72 hours ( P＜0.05 ) and so was the 48 hours compared with 72 hours (P＜0.05 ).The percentages of LECs in G0/G1 phase were ascent in 0.1,1.0 and 10.0 mg/L decorin groups in comparison with G2/M and S phase (P＜0.05).Immunochemistry revealed the weak expression of α-SMA in various decorin groups in comparison with control group. Conclusions Decorin can effectively inhibit LECs growth and induce LECs apoptosis in concentration- and time-dependent manner.It is suggested that decorin can be used in the prevention and treatment of after cataract.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure the content of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and V1b receptor expression in the brain areas in rats of both genders and after rotatory stimulation and thereby, to identify the involvement of AVP in the mechanisms of motion sickness.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SD rats were rotated about a horizontal axis for 30 min, the content of AVP and the expression of V1b receptors in some brain areas were then measured with radioimmunological analysis and immunofluorescent method respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We proved that: (1) In female rats, the content of AVP in each area we measured in rotation group did not show any significant change compared with that in control group (P > 0.05). In male rats, the AVP content of control group in each area was higher than that of female rats, but reduced by rotatory stimulation in forebrain, diencephalon and pontine (P < 0.05 or 0.01), however, the changes in the cerebellum and medulla of rotation group were not significant (P > 0.05). (2) The positive cell number of V1b receptor expression in the supraoptic nucleus of female rats in rotation group was lower, but higher in the vestibular nucleus and area postrema than that in control group (P < 0.05 or 0.01). In male rats, the V1b receptor positive cell number in the supraoptic nucleus and vestibular nucleus of rotation group did not show significant change compared with that of control group (P > 0.05), but a slight increase in the medulla of rotation group rats was observed (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The gender difference in the susceptibility of motion sickness is potentially associated with the discrepancies in AVP content in the forebrain, diencephalon and pontine, in the expression of AVP-V1 receptors in the vestibular nucleus and area postrema, and in responses to rotatory stimulation, and that the vestibular nucleus and area postrema may be the areas targeted by AVP V1 receptor antagonist for antimotion sickness.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Arginine Vasopressin , Metabolism , Brain , Metabolism , Disease Susceptibility , Metabolism , Motion Sickness , Metabolism , Receptors, Vasopressin , Metabolism , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the therapeutic time window of L-serine against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats, and related mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=6), sham-operation group, vehicle group, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h treatment group of L-serine. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced with the method of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats, and reperfusion was emerged by removing the thread 2 h later. The treatment of L-serine (200 mg/kg ip) was begun at 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after MCAO respectively, and subsequently repeated once 12 h. The vehicle group was intraperitoneally injected with isodose normal saline. The neurological behavior score and cerebral infarction volume was measured 48 h after reperfusion. In addition, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of superoxide dismetase (SOD), the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6) and ultrastructure of neuron in brain tissue were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the vehicle group, treatments with L-serine both 3 and 6 h after MCAO decreased the neurology deficit score and infarct volume. Only neurology deficit score had been reduced 12 h after MCAO, while no neuropmrotective effects had been observed during 24 h. Furthermore, L-serine elevated the content of SOD, decreased the level of MDA, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in ischemic brain tissue, and alleviated the injury of the neuronal ultrastructure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>L-serine exerted a time-dependent neuroprotective effect on the brain after MCAO in rat. This effect might be possibly mediated through following mechanisms: lessening oxidative stress and reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Brain Ischemia , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Interleukin-6 , Metabolism , Neuroprotective Agents , Therapeutic Uses , Oxidative Stress , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reperfusion Injury , Serine , Therapeutic Uses , Superoxide Dismutase , Metabolism , Time Factors , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical effect of Sizi Zhongwang Capsule (SZC) combined with Western medicine (WM) in treating male sterility.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and sixty-one male patients with sterility were assigned to 3 groups, 64 in the WM group were treated with conventional Western medical therapy alone, 87 in the SZC group were treated with SZC alone, and 110 in the combined group were treated with SZC combined Western medical therapy. The treatment lasted for 90 days in total. Changes of semen related parameters before and after treatment were observed, and the conditions of pregnancy in patients' spouse were followed-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The difference in semen related parameters before and after treatment showed insignificant in the WM group (P > 0.05), but it did show statistical significance in the SZC group and the combined group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Moreover, the best effect was shown in the combined group, showing significant difference to the other two groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The pregnancy rate of patients' spouse in the combined treated group was higher than that in the other two groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SZC combined with Western medical therapy could effectively improve the quality of semen in males with infertility and enhance the pregnancy rate in their spouse.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Combined Modality Therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Infertility, Male , Drug Therapy , Pregnancy Rate , Semen AnalysisABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To optimize the process of extracting effective constituents from lotus leaf.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Independent variables were ethanol concentration reflux time and solvent fold, dependent variables were extraction rates of nuciferine and flavone in lotus leaf, central composite design and response surface methodology were used for optimization of extraction of lotus leaf.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The optimum conditions of extraction process were 75% -80% ethanol, 2-3 hours for reflux, 20-25 fold solvent and 2 times for extraction. Bias between observed and predicted of rates of nuciferine and flavone values were 5.53%, -6.02%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The values observed and predicted were close to each other, which proved that the optimization of of extraction of lotus leaf by central composite design and response surface methodology was reasonable and successful.</p>
Subject(s)
Aporphines , Chemistry , Flavones , Flavonoids , Chemistry , Lotus , Chemistry , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the relationship among sexual differences of motion sickness (MS), AVP levels of plasma and pituitary and the expression of pituitary V1b receptors for further understanding of the MS mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The conditioned taste aversion (CTA) of 0.15% saccharin sodium solution (SSS) was served as MS model. 98 (49 male and 49 female) rats were used in this experiment, 50 for the detection of the AVP level in plasma and pituitary with radioimmunoassay (RIA), 12 for the observation of the number of V1b receptor-positive neurons in the pituitary with the fluorescence immunohistochemistry method, the rest for the evaluation of the expression of V1b receptor in the pituitary by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With regard to male rats, decrease of the drinking volume of 0.15% SSS was greater in female rats after rotatory stimulation. The plasma AVP concentration of female rats was significantly higher than that of males under normal conditions, but reduced significantly after rotatory stimulation. However, no significant change was found in male rats. In addition, the pituitary AVP level of the female rats was significantly higher than that of the male rats under normal conditions, but decreased at 8 h and significantly at 24 h after rotation. Similarly, the pituitary AVP level of male rats also decreased significantly at 8 h after rotation, but this decrease was not comparable to that of the females. At 24 h after rotation the pituitary AVP level almost recovered in male rats. In the pituitary, which was related to the stress response, the V1b receptor-positive neurons and the expression level of V1b receptor in female rats were significantly higher than those of the male rats, but they decreased significantly after rotation, while no apparent change was detected in the male rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The changes of plasma and pituitary AVP and V1b receptor level of the pituitary after rotatory stimulation are different between male and female rats and the AVP secretion of the pituitary may be involved in the sexual difference in susceptibility to motion sickness.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Arginine Vasopressin , Blood , Motion Sickness , Metabolism , Pituitary Gland , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, Vasopressin , Metabolism , Sensitivity and Specificity , Sex CharacteristicsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare tuizhang gel to cure cataract, the characteristics of Tuizhang gel on the drug-releasing in vitro were evaluated by compared with Tuizhang oculentum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The emodin and chrysophanol in the releasing mediator were determined by HPLC, and the drug releasing characteristics of Tuizhang gel and Tuizhang oculentum were studied by bag filter method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The emodin and chrysophanol in Tuizhang gel released (98.3, 1.1)%, (95.8, 1.8)% within 24 hours, respectively, while those in tuizhang oculentum released (10.62, 0.7)%, (10.46, 0.4)%, respectively. The emodin and chrysophanol in Tuizhang gel released more quickly and completely than in Tuizhang oculentum, so Tuizhang gel has enhanced the bioavailability.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Tuizhang gel is characterized by slow-release to some degree, and it shows a promising future on ophthalmic drug delivery.</p>
Subject(s)
Acrylic Resins , Chemistry , Anthraquinones , Chemistry , Pharmacokinetics , Delayed-Action Preparations , Chemistry , Pharmacokinetics , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Emodin , Chemistry , Pharmacokinetics , Gels , Ointments , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Solubility , Technology, Pharmaceutical , MethodsABSTRACT
Middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) can be used to establish the standard model of focal cerebral ischemia. The method for establishing focal cerebral ischemia model has been improved continuously, from simple behavior score, measurement of infarcted brain area, and morphological observation in the past to functional study, neurobiochemistry, molecular biology, etc. The research of MCAO provides a basis for further study of the pathological characteristics, mechanism and prevention of human cerebral ischemia. This article reviews the recent advancement in the study of MCAO model and cerebral ischemia.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect humoral immune response against different function regions of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in chronic patients, and further to investigate the correlativity between anti-HCV antibody titers and HCV RNA concentration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using recombinant dominate epitope antigens, e.g. HCV Core, NS3, NS4, NS5 and chimeric HVR1, a set of ELISA test reagents was formulated. Then, titers of antibodies against HCV different regions and the RNA concentration of HCV in chronic patient sera were detected by ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR technique, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Great differences have been noted in antibody titers and positive rate of different HCV function regions in chronic patients. Antibodies against HCV Core and HVR1 have the highest positive rate, then NS3, NS4, and NS5 in sequence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The titer of antibodies against different regions of HCV in chronic patients has good correlation with HCV RNA concentration.</p>